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Table 2.

Range and concentration of SPMA based on the combination of low and high SPMA levels and sex

Variable Female Male P-value
SPMA (–) (n=556) SPMA (+) (n=370) SPMA (–) (n=596) SPMA (+) (n=177)
SPMA/urine creatinine (µg/L Cr.) 0.27∼1.04 1.05∼5.30 0.26∼1.05 1.06∼2.63
Unadjusted 0.68±0.01 1.64±0.03a,e) 0.59±0.01b) 1.47±0.04c,d) <0.001**
Model 1 0.71±0.01 1.58±0.03a,e) 0.60±0.01b) 1.43±0.04c,d) <0.001**
Model 2 0.72±0.02 1.60±0.03a,e) 0.60±0.02b) 1.42±0.05c,d) <0.001**

SPMA (–) is defined as low concentration, including the 1st tertile (0%∼33.3%) and 2nd tertile (33.3%∼66.6%) of SPMA/urine creatinine ratio, while SPMA (+) is defined as high concentration, corresponding to the 3rd tertile (66.6%∼100%).

Model 1: adjustied for age, BMI, total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure.

Model 2: adjusted for Model 1 covariates plus total physical activity, smoking status, drinking status, education level, household income.

*P<0.05, **P<0.001.

a)P<0.05, [Female and SPMA (–)] vs. [Female and SPMA (+)]. b)P<0.05, [Female and SPMA (–)] vs. [Male and SPMA (–)]. c)P<0.05, [Female and SPMA (–)] vs. [Male and SPMA (+)]. d)P<0.05, [Male and SPMA (–)] vs. [Male and SPMA (+)]. e)P<0.05, [Male and SPMA (–)] vs. [Female and SPMA (+)].

Abbreviations: SPMA, S-phenylmercapturic acid; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.
Korean J Clin Lab Sci 2024;56:349-57 https://doi.org/10.15324/kjcls.2024.56.4.349
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